General Knowledge / gk/ group c and d / wbssc/ sscgd

 General Knowledge 

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🏅💥২০২৫ নোবেল পুরস্কার💥 — বিভাগ ও বিজয়ী

★ পদার্থবিজ্ঞান (Physics)

✓ অর্জন করেছেন: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret এবং John M. Martinis 

≈ কারণ: “একটি বৈদ্যুতিক সার্কিটে বৃহদাকার কোয়ান্টাম-মেকানিক্যাল টানেলিং এবং শক্তির স্তরবিন্যাস (energy quantisation)” আবিষ্কারের জন্য। 

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

★ চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞান / Physiology or Medicine

✓ জিতেছেন: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell এবং Shimon Sakaguchi 

≈ কারণ: মানুষের ইমিউন সিস্টেম কীভাবে “নিজ শরীর vs অ স্ব-উৎপাদিত জিনিস” ভেঙে বুঝে কাজ করে — অর্থাৎ, “peripheral immune tolerance” প্রক্রিয়া আবিষ্কার করার জন্য। 

★ রসায়ন (Chemistry)

✓ পুরস্কার পেয়েছেন: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson এবং Omar M. Yaghi 

≈ কারণ: ধাতব-জৈব কাঠামোর (metal–organic frameworks বা MOFs) উন্নয়ন, যা পদার্থ, শক্তি, পরিবেশ ও প্রযুক্তিগত প্রয়োজনে নতুন সম্ভাবনা তৈরি করে। 

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

★ সাহিত্য (Literature)

✓ ২০২৫ সালের সাহিত্য নোবেল পেয়েছেন:  László Krasznahorkai (হাঙ্গেরি) 

≈ কারণ: “ভয়ঙ্কর সময়, সন্ত্রাস ও অস্থিরতার মধ্যেও, তাঁর আর্ট এবং ভাষা — শিল্পের শক্তিকে পুনরুজ্জীবিত করার — জন্য”। 

★ শান্তি (Peace)

✓ ২০২৫ সালের শান্তি নোবেল পেয়েছেন: Maria Corina Machado (ভেনেজুয়েলা) 

≈ কারণ: গণতান্ত্রিক অধিকার ও ন্যায়সঙ্গত ও শান্তিপূর্ণ পথে একনায়কতন্ত্র থেকে গণতন্ত্রে রূপান্তরের জন্য তাঁর সংগ্রাম এবং জনগণের জন্য একনিষ্ঠ কাজের স্বীকৃতি। 

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

SLST History Fighter (IX-X-XI-XII) (Bengali Version) Paperback

★ অর্থনীতিতে নোবেল (Economic Sciences)

✓ ২০২৫ সালের অর্থনীতিতে পুরস্কার পেয়েছেন: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion এবং Peter Howitt 

≈ কারণ: “উদ্ভাবন-চালিত অর্থনৈতিক প্রবৃদ্ধি ও প্রযুক্তিগত অগ্রগতি দ্বারা পৃথিবীর সামাজিক ও অর্থনৈতিক উন্নয়নের মডেল ব্যাখ্যা করার জন্য”।

***ভালো লাগলে একটা like করে দিবেন। 

***এই রকম তথ্য পেতে আমাদের ফলো করে রাখতে পারেন।

*** নিজের সাথে সাথে বন্ধুদের সাহায্য করতে তাদের সাথে শেয়ার করবেন।

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 Important Abbreviations for All Compitative Exams

From a competitive exam perspective, one needs to learn the important abbreviations in order to ace in their exam. Go through this detailed list to know about the important abbreviations which could aid you.

Abbreviations are commonly required in the competitive exams but it takes a fair amount of time in order to search through the internet and find the right answer for the term a student is looking for. In the following list, almost all the important abbreviations that can be fruitful for a competitive exam aspirant, have been enlisted.

Abbreviations starting with the letter “A”:

1. ADB: Asian Development Bank
2. ADR: American Depositary Receipt
3. AGM: Annual General Meeting
4. AIDWA: All India Democratic Women’s Association
5. AIT UC: All India Trade Union Congress
6. AMFI: Association of Mutual Funds in India
7. APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
8. APL: Above Poverty Line
9. APM: Administered Pricing Mechanism
10. ARC: Asset Reconstruction Company
11. ARDR: Agricultural and Rural Debt Relief
12. ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations
13. ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode, Automated teller machine
14. AC Alternating Current
15. AG: Accountant General
16. AICC: All India Congress Committee
17. AIR: All India Radio
18. AM: Antemeridian
19. ARP: Air Raid Precaution
20. ABM: Anti Ballistic Missiles
21. ABVP: Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad
22. AC: Alternating Current; Ashoka Chakra
23. ACU: Asian Currency Union
24. ADC: Aide-de-Camp; Access Deficit Charge
25. ADF: Asian Development Fund
26. ADIDAS: All Day I Dream about sports
27. ADS: Air Defence Ship
28. AG: Accountant General; Adjutant General 
29. AIDS: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
30. AllMS: All India Institute of Medical Sciences
31. AIR: All India Radio; Annual Information Report
32. AM : ante meridiem; before noon
33. AT&T: American telegraphic and Telephone Co. Ltd.
34. ATA: Air Time Authority; Allen Telescope Array
35. ATC: Air Traffic Controller
36. ATM: Automatic Teller Machine
37. ATR: Action Taken Report
38. ATV: Automatic Transfer Vehicle
39. AUDI : Auto Union Deutschland Ingolstadt
40. AUM: Assets Under Management
41. AVC: Army Veterinary Corps
42. AVM: Additional Volatility Margin
43. AWACS: Airborne Warning and Control System
44. ASCI: Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative
45. ASCII: American Standard Code for Information

Abbreviations starting with the letter “B”:

1. BA: Bachelor of Arts
2. BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation
3. BC: Before Christ
4. BCG: Bacillus Calmette Guerin
5. BEd: Bachelor of Education
6. BSF: Border Security Force
7. BARC: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
8. BBC: British Broadcasting Corporation
9. BC: Before Christ; Board of Control; British Columbia; Battery Commander
10. BSF: Border Security Force
11. BSNL: Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd
12. BCBS: Basel committee for Banking Supervision
13. BCSBI: Banking Codes and Standards Board of India
14. BIFR: Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction
15. BIS: Bank for International Settlements, Bureau of Indian Standards
16. BOLT: BSE On-Line Trading (System)
17. BOP: Balance of Payments
18. BOT: Build, Operate and Transfer
19. BPL: Below Poverty Line
20. BPO: Business Process Outsourcing
21. BSCS: Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
22. BSE: Bombay Stock Exchange
23. BSR: Basic Statistical Returns

Abbreviations starting with the letter “C”:

1. C & AG : Comptroller & Auditor General
2. CA: Chartered Accountant
3. CABE: Central Advisory Board of Education
4. CACP: Commission of Agriculture Cost and Price
5. CAD: Capital Account Deficit
6. CAG: Controller and Auditor General of India
7. CAPART: Council for People’s Action and Advancement of Rural Technology
8. CAR: Capital adequacy ratio
9. CARE: Credit Analysis & Research Ltd.
10. CBS: Core banking solution
11. CC: Cash Credit
12. COD: Central Ordnance Depot; Cash on Delivery
13. CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board
14. CPI: Communist Party of India
15. CPI(M): Communist Party of India (Marxists)
16. CPU: Central Processing Unit
17. CR: Central Railway
18. CRAC: Cyber Regulation Advisory Council
19. CRDi: Common Rail Direct injection
20. CRISIL: Credit Rating Information Services of India Limited
21. CRM: Customer Relationship Management
22. CRPF: Central Reserve Police Force
23. CRR: Cash Reserve Ratio
24. CSIR: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
25. CTBT: Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty
26. CTT: Commodities Transaction Tax
27. CVRDE: Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment

Abbreviations starting with the letter “D”:

1. DA: Dearness Allowance; Daily Allowance
2. DAP: Development Action Plan
3. DBOD: Department of Banking Operations and Development
4. DBS Bank Ltd: The Development Bank of Singapore Limited.
5. DCA: Department of Company Affairs
6. DCM: Department of Currency Management
7. DD: Demand Draft
8. DDS: Data Dissemination Standards
9. DICGC: Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India
10. DMA: Departmentalized Ministries Account
11. DMIC: Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor
12. DPEP: District Primary Education Program
13. DC: Direct Current
14. DDT: Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloro-Ethane
15. DIR: Defence of India Rules Esq: Esquire
16. DLO: Dead Letter Office
17. DPI: Director of Public Instruction
18. DA: Dearness Allowance; Daily Allowance
19. DAVP: Directorate of Advertising and Visual Publicity
20. DDT: Dichloro-Diphenyl Trichloro-ethane (disinfectant)
21. DIN: Director Information Number
22. DM: District Magistrate; Deputy Minister
23. DMIC: Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor
24. DMK: Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (a regional political party of Tamil Nadu)
25. DNA: Deoxy-ribo Nucleic Acid
26. DO: Demi-official (letter)
27. DOD: Department of Ocean Development
28. DPEP: District Primary Education Programme
29. DPI: Director of Public Instruction
30. DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory
31. DRDO: Defence Research and Development Organisation

Abbreviations starting with the letter “E”:

1. EDUSAT: Education Satellite
2. EEE: Exempt Exempt Exempt
3. EEFC Accounts: Exchange Earners Foreign Currency Account
4. EET: Exempt Exempt Taxation
5. EFA: Education for All
6. EFT: Electronic fund transfer
7. EGOM: Empowered Group of Ministers
8. EMI: Equated Monthly Instalment
9. EMS: European Monetary System
10. EPF: Employees Provident Fund
11. EPFO: Employees Provident Fund Organisation
12. ERNET: Educational and Research Network
13. ESA: European Space Agency
14. ESCAP: Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacify
15. ESMA: Essential Services Maintenance Act
16. EDUSAT: Education Satellite
17. EEG: Electro-encephalography
18. EET: Exempt Exempt Taxation
19. EFA: Education for All
20. EFF: Extended Fund Facility
21. EHTP: Electronic Hardware Technology Parks
22. ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immuno Solvent Assay (used for testing AIDS)

Abbreviations starting with the letter “F”:

1. FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation
2. FCCB: Foreign Currency Convertible Bond
3. FCNR: Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts Scheme
4. FCNR(B): Foreign Currency Currency Non-Repatriable (Banks)
5. FCNR(B) : Foreign Currency Non-resident (Banks)
6. FDI: Foreign Direct Investment
7. FEMA: Foreign Exchange Management Act
8. FERA: Foreign Exchange Regulations Act
9. FICCI: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
10. FII: Foreign Institutional Investors
11. FIMMDA: Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India
12. FIPB: Foreign Investment Promotion Board (Of India)
13. FMCG: Fast Moving Consumer Goods
14. FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation (of the U.S.A.)
15. FCNR: Foreign Currency (non-resident) Accounts Scheme
16. FDR: Flight Data Recorder; Fixed Deposit Receipt
17. FEMA: Foreign Exchange Management Act
18. FERA: Foreign Exchange Regulations Act
19. FICCI: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry
20. FII: Foreign Institutional Investors
21. FIPB: Foreign Investment Promotion Board (of India)
22. FLAG: Fibre Optic Link Around the Globe
23. FM: Field Marshal; Frequency Modulated
24. FPSB: Financial Planning Standards Boards (India)
25. FRBM: Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management
26. FSSA: Food Safety and Standards Authority (of India)

Abbreviations starting with the letter “G”:

1. GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council
2. GDP: Gross Domestic Product
3. GEF: Global Environment Fund
4. GIC: General Insurance Corporation
5. GNP: Gross National Product
6. GOI: Government of India
7. GST: Goods and Service Tax
8. GK: General Knowledge
9. GMT: Greenwich Mean Time
10. GPF: General Post Office
11. GAGAN: GPS-aided Geo-augmented Navigation
12. GIST: Graphics and Intelligence based Script Technology
13. GPS: Global Mobile Personal Communications System
14. GMRT: Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
15. GMT: Greenwich Mean Time
16. GNP: Gross National Product
17. GNSS: Global Navigation Satellite System
18. GOC: General Officer Commanding
19. GOOGLE: Global Organisation Of Oriented Group Language of Earth
20. GPO: General Post Office
21. GPRS: General Packet Radio System
22. GPS: Global Positioning System
23. GSLV: Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle
24. GSP: Generalised Special Preferences
25. GST: Goods and Service Tax
26. GSTP: Global System of Trade Preferences

Abbreviations starting with the letter “H”:

1. HDFC: Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited
2. HDI: Human Development Index
3. HSBC: Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited
4. HUDCO: Housing & Urban Development Corporation
5. HMT: Hindustan Machine Tools
6. HP: Horse Power
7. HAWS: High Altitude Warfare School
8. HCF: Highest Common Factor
9. HDFC: Housing Development Finance Corporation
10. HDI: Human Development Index
11. HDTV: High Definition Television
12. HMS: Hybrid Mail Service
13. HP: Himachal Pradesh; Horizontal Plane; Horse Power
14. HTML: HyperText Markup Language
15. HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
16. HUDCO: Housing and Urban Development Corporation
17. HVDC: High Voltage Direct Current

Abbreviations starting with the letter “I”:

1. IAAI: International Airport Authority Of India
2. IAAS: Indian Audit and Accounts Service
3. IADF:  International Agricultural Development Fund
4. IAEA: International Atomic Energy Agency
5. IASB: The International Accounting Standards Board
6. IBRD:  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
7. ICAI: Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
8. ICAR: Indian Council of Agricultural Research
9. IDBI: Industrial Development Bank of India
10. IDR: Indian Depository Receipts
11. IES: Indian Economic Service
12. IEX: Indian Energy Exchange
13. IFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development
14. IFC: International Finance Corporation
15. IFRS: International Financial Reporting Standard
16. IFSC:  Indian Financial System Code
17. IFTU: International Federation of Trade Unions
18. ISKCON: International Society for Krishna Consciousness
19. ISO: International Standardisation Organisation
20. ISP: Internet Service Provider
21. ISRO: Indian Space Research Organisation
22. ISS: International Space Station
23. IST: Indian Standard Time

Abbreviations starting with the letter “J”:

1. JNNURM: Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
2. JCO: Junior Commissioned Officer
3. JPC: Joint Parliamentary Committee
4. JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group
5. JWG: Joint Working Group

Abbreviations starting with the letter “K”:

1. Kg: Kilogramme
2. KG: Kindergarten
3. KPO: Knowledge Process Outsourcing
4. KPO: Knowledge Process Outsourcing
5. KVIC: Khadi & Village Industries Corporation
6. KYC: Know your customer

Abbreviations starting with the letter “L”:

1. LBW: Leg Before Wicket Ltd-Limited
2. LMG: Light Machine Gun
3. LMP: Licentiate in the practice of Medicine
4. LAC: Line of Actual Control
5. LASER: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
6. LCA: Light Combat Aircraft
7.   LDC: Least Developed Countries
8.   LHC: Large Hadron Collider
9. LIC: Life Insurance Corporation (of India)
10. LLP: Limited Liability Partnership
11. LML: Lohia Machines Limited
12. LOAC: Line of Actual Control
13. LTA: Light Transport Aircraft
14. LTTE : Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
15. LAMPS: Large-sized Adivasi Multipurpose Societies
16. LDC: Least Developed Countries
17. LIBOR: London Interbank Offer Rate
18. LIC: Life Insurance Corporation (Of India)
19. LLP: Limited Liability Partnership

Abbreviations starting with the letter “M”:

1. MA: Moving Average
2. MAIT: Manufacturers’ Association for Information Technology
3. MAT: Minimum Alternative Tax
4. MCA: Ministry of Company Affairs
5. MCAP: Market capitalization / Midcap
6. MDG: Millennium development goals
7. MEP: Minimum Export Price
8. MFA: Multi-Fiber Agreement
9. MFI: Microfinance institution
10. MFIN: Microfinance institution network
11. MFN: Most Favoured Nation
12. MGNREGA: National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
13. MIBOR: Mumbai Interbank offer rate
14. MPEG: Motion Picture Experts Groups
15. MRF: Madras Rubber Factory
16. MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
17. MRTPC: Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practises Commission
18. MRTS: Mass Rapid Transit System
19. MSA: Maritime Safety Agency
20. MSCF: Maritime Security Cooperation Framework
21. Mss: Manuscript
22. MTCR: Missile Technology Control Regime
23. MTO: Multilateral Trade Organisation
24. MUNO: Maha Vir Chakra
25. MVC: Maha Vir Chakra

Abbreviations starting with the letter “N”:

1. NABARD: National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
2. NAEP: National Adult Education Program
3. NAFED: National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd
4. NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement
5. NAM: Non-Aligned Movement
6. NAMA: Non-Agriculture Market Access
7. NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation
8. NASSCOM: National Association of Software and Services Companies
9. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
10. NAV: Net Asset Value
11. NBFC: Non-Banking Finance Companies
12. NCERT: National Council Of Education Research And Training
13. NCPCR: National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
14. NDC: National Development Council
15. NEFT: National Electronic Fund Transfer
16. NEGP: National E-Governance Plan
17. NEP: National Education Policy
18. NFO: New Fund Offers
19. NGO: Non-Governmental Organisation
20. NHAI: National Highways Authority of India
21. NHDP: National Highways Development Project
22. NHRC: National Human Rights Commission
23. NIC: National Industrial Classification
24. NIFT: National Institute of Fashion Technology
25. NRI: Non-Resident Indian
26. NSC: National Statistical Commission
27. NSDL: National Securities Depository Limited
28. NSE: National Stock Exchange
29. NSSO: National Sample Survey Organisation
30. NTPC: National Thermal Power Corporation
31. NCC: National Cadet Corps
32. PDF: National Defence Fund
33. NEFA: North East Frontier Agency
34. NSS: National Service Scheme
35. NAA: National Airport Authority
36. NRSA: National Remote Sensing Agency
37. NSA: National Security Act
38. NSC: National Service Corps; National Security Council
39. NSDL: National Securities Depository Limited
40. NSE: National Stock Exchange
41. NSR: National Skills Registry
42. NTPC: National Thermal Power Corporation
43. NWDA: National Water Development Agency
44. NWRC: National Water Resources Council

Abbreviations starting with the letter “O”:

1. OIC: Organisation of Islamic Countries
2. OIL: Oil India Limited
3. OLTAS: On-Line Tax Accounting System
4. OMCS: Oil Marketing Companies
5. ONGC: Oil And Natural Gas Commission
6. OPEC: Organisation Of Petroleum Exporting Countries
7. OSCE: Organisation For Security And Cooperation In Europe
8. OBC: Other Backward Classes
9. OBU: Offshore Banking Unit
10. ODA: Official Development Assistance
11. ODF: Open Document Format
12. ODS: Ozone Depletion Substances
13. OECD: Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development
14. OGL: Open General Licence
15. OIC: Organisation of Islamic Countries
16. OIGS: On India Government Service
17. OIL: Oil India Limited
18. ONGC: Oil and Natural Gas Commission
19. OPEC: Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries
20. OSCE: Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe
21. OSD: Officer on Special Duty
22. OXML: Open Extended Marking Language

Abbreviations starting with the letter “P”:

1. PAC: Public Accounts Committee
2. PACS: Primary Agriculture Credit Societies
3. PAN: Permanent Account Number (Of Income-Tax)
4. PATA: Pacific-Asia Travel Association
5. PCI: Per capita income
6. PD: Primary Deficit
7. PDO: Public Debt Office
8. PDS: Public Distribution System
9. PIL: Public Interest Litigation
10. PIO: Persons Of Indian Origin
11. PN: Participatory Note
12. PNB: Punjab National Bank.
13. PO: Principal Office
14. POW: Prisoner of War
15. PP: Public Prosecutor; Particular Person
16. PRO: Public Relations Officer
17. PS: Post Scriptum; PostScript; written after
18. PSC: Public Service Commission
19. PSE: Public Sector Enterprises
20. PSLV: Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle
21. PTA: Preferential Trade Area
22. PTI: Press Trust of India
23. PTO: Please Turn Over; Privilege Ticket Order
24. PUFA: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
25. PVC: Param Vir Chakra
26. PVSM: Param Vishisht Seva Medal
27. PWD: Public Works Department

Abbreviations starting with the letter “Q”:

1. QIB:  Qualified Institutional Buyer
2. QIP: Qualified Institutional Placement
3. QR: Quantitative Restriction
4. QMG: Quarter Master General
5. QR: Quantitative Restriction

Abbreviations starting with the letter “R”:

1. RBI: Reserve Bank Of India
2. RDBMS: Relational Database Management System
3. RE: Revenue Expenditure
4. REC: Rural Electrification Corporation
5. RIDF: Rural infrastructure development fund
6. RMB: Renminbi (Chinese)
7. RR: Revenue Receipts
8. RRB: Regional Rural Bank
9. RRPI: Rural Retail Price Index
10. RSETI: Rural Self Employment Training Institute
11. RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement
12. R&D: Research and Development
13. RSS: Rashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh
14. RADAR: Radio Detection and Ranging
15. RAF: Rapid Action Force
16. RAM: Random Access Memory
17. RLO: Returned Letter Office
18. RLV: Reusable Launch Vehicle
19. RPM: Revolution Per Minute
20. RPO: Recruitment Process Outsourcing; Regional Passport Officer
21. RRB: Regional Rural Bank
22. RRPI: Rural Retail Price Index
23. RTGS: Real Time Gross Settlement System
24. RTI: Right to Information

Abbreviations starting with the letter “S”:

1. SBI: State Bank of India.
2. SC: Schedule Caste
3. SCO: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
4. SCOPE: Standing Conference On Public Enterprises
5. SDF: shipping declaration form
6. SDR: Special Drawing Rights
7. SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India
8. SEBI: Securities And Exchange Board Of India
9. SEWA: Self-employed women’s association
10. SEZ: Special Economic Zone
11. SFC: State Financial Corporation
12. SGL: Subsidiary General Ledger
13. SIDBI: Small Industries Development Bank of India
14. SLR: Statutory Liquidity Ratio
15. SSI: Small-Scale Industries
16. ST: Schedule Tribe
17. SEATO: South East Asia treaty Organisation
18. ST: Scheduled Tribe
19. SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
20. SAFTA: South Asian Free Trade Area
21. SAIL: Steel Authority of India Limited
22. SAPTA: SAARC Preferential Trading Agreement
23. SARS: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
24. SATNAV: Satellite Navigation (Initiative)
25. SAVE: SAARC Audio Visual Exchange
26. SC: Security Council; Supreme Court; Scheduled Caste
27. SOS: Save Our Souls distress signal
28. SPG: Special Protection Group
29. SPIN: Software Process Improvement Networks
30. SPV : Solar Photo Voltaic
31. SQUID: Superconducting Quantum Interference Device
32. SRE: Space Capsule Recovery Experiment
33. SRV: Submarine Rescue Vessel
34. SSN: Social Security Number
35. STARS: Satellite Tracking and Ranging Station
36. START: Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
37. STD: Subscriber Trunk Dialling; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
38. STEP: Science and Technology Entrepreneurship Park
39. STT: Securities Transaction Tax

Abbreviations starting with the letter “T”:

1. TC: Temporary Change
2. TDS: Tax Deduction at Source
3. TIFR: Tata Institute Of Fundamental Research
4. TIN: Tax Information Network
5. TINXSYS: Tax Information Exchange System
6. TISCO: Tata Iron and Steel Company
7. TPDS: Targeted Public Distribution System
8. TRAI: Telecom Regulatory Authority Of India
9. TRIMS: Trade-Related Investment Measures
10. TRIPS: Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
11. TRYSEM: Training Of Rural Youth For Self Employment
12. TT: Telegraphic Transfer
13. TA: Travelling Allowance
14. TB: Tuberculosis
15. TELEX: Teleprinter Exchange
16. TMO: Telegraphic Money
17. TA: Travelling Allowance; Territorial Army
18. TAAI: Travel Agents Association of India
19. TACDE: Tactics and Air Combat Development Establishment
20. TADA: Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act
21. TAPS: Tarapur Atomic Power Station
22. TB: Tuberculosis
23. TCP: Transfer Call Protocol
24. TDC: Transport Development Council
25. TDS: Tax Deduction at Source
26. TDSAT: Telecom Dispute Settlement Appellate Tribunal
27. TELCO: Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company
28. TERLS: Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
29. TFT: Thin-Film Transistor
30. TIFR: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
31. TNT: Tri-nitro-toluene (high explosive)
32. TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language
33. TPP: 20-Point Programme
34. TRAI: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
35. TRIMs: Trade-Related Investment Measures
36. TRIPS: Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights
37. TRP: Television Rating Points; Tax Return Preparer
38. TRYSEM: Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment
39. TTE: Travelling Ticket Examiner
40. TTF: Tourism Task Force
41. TVS : T.V Sundaram(Co-Founder)

Abbreviations starting with the letter “U”:

1. UNCTAD: United Nations Conference On Trade And Development
2. UNFCCC: United nation framework convention on climate change
3. UNFPA : United Nations Fund For Population Activities
4. UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner For Refugees
5. UNHRC: United Nations Human Rights Commission
6. UNICEF: United Nations International Children’s (Emergency) Fund
7. UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organisation
8. UNRRA: United Nations Relief And Rehabilitation Administration
9. UNDP: United nations Development Programme
10. UNO: United Nations Organisation
11. UAE: United Arab Emirates
12. UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
13. UF: United Front
14. UFO : Unidentified Flying Object
15. UGC: University Grants Commission
16. UK: United Kingdom
17. ULFA: United Liberation Front of Assam
18. UN: United Nations
19. UNCTAD: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
20. UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
21. UNEF: United Nations Emergency Force
22. UNEP: United Nations Environment Programme
23. UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
24. UNHCR: United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Abbreviations starting with the letter “V”:

1. VAT: Value-Added Tax
2. VC: Venture Capital
3. VDIS: Voluntary Disclosure Of Income Scheme
4. VRS: Voluntary Retirement Scheme
5. VIP: Very Important Person
6. VPP: Value Payable Post
7. VC: Vice-Chancellor; Vice Counsel; Victoria Cross; Vir Chakra
8. VCR: Video Cassette Recorder
9. VDIS: Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme
10. VHRR: Very High-Resolution Radiometer
11. VIP: Very Important Person
12. VIRUS: Vital Information Resources Under Siege
13. VISI: Very Large Scale Integration
14. VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol
15. VPN: Virtual Private Network

Abbreviations starting with the letter “W”:

1. WMO: World Meteorological Organisation
2. WADA: World Anti-Doping Agency
3. WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
4. WAVE: Wireless Access for Virtual Enterprise
5. WDF: Wasteland Development Force
6. WEF: World Economic Forum
7. WFP: World Food Programme
8. WFTU: World Federation of Trade Unions
9. WGIG: Working Group on Internet Governance
10. WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organisation
11. WIPRO: Western Indian Products
12. WIPO: World Intellectual Property Organisation
13. WMO: World Meteorological Organisation
14. WTO: World Trade Organisation

Abbreviations starting with the letter “X”:

1. XML: Extensible Mark-up Language

Abbreviations starting with the letter “Y”:

1. YWCA: young women’s Christian Association
2. YMCA: Young Men’s Christian Association

Abbreviations starting with the letter “Z”:

1. ZAPU: Zimbabwe Africa Peoples Union
2. ZPZ: Zero Population Growth
3. ZS: Zoological Society
4. ZIP: Zone Improvement Plan

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STUDY CARE 

30 important GK for exams

 1. মহান অক্টোবর সমাজতান্ত্রিক বিপ্লব কত সালে সংঘটিত হয়?

1917

1923

1914

1920

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

2. বিশ্বের বৃহত্তম হ্রদ কি?

কাস্পিয়ান সাগর

বৈকাল

লেক সুপিরিয়র

অন্টারিও

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

3. সৌরজগতের কোন গ্রহটি "লাল গ্রহ" নামে পরিচিত?

শুক্র

পৃথিবী

মঙ্গল

বৃহস্পতি

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

4. "যুদ্ধ ও শান্তি" উপন্যাসটি কে লিখেছেন?

আন্তন চেখভ

ফিওদর দস্তয়েভস্কি

লিও টলস্টয়

ইভান তুর্গেনেভ

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

5. জাপানের রাজধানী কি?

বেইজিং

টোকিও

সিউল

ব্যাংকক

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

6. পৃথিবীর দীর্ঘতম নদী কোনটি?

আমাজন

মিসিসিপি

নীল

ইয়াংতজে

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

7. আগুন নেভাতে কোন গ্যাস ব্যবহার করা হয়?

অক্সিজেন

নাইট্রোজেন

কার্বন ডাই অক্সাইড

হাইড্রোজেন

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

8. অস্ট্রেলিয়ার জাতীয় প্রতীক কোন প্রাণী?

ক্যাঙ্গারু

কোয়ালা

ইমু

কুমির

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

9. নিচের কোন গ্রহটি গ্যাস জায়ান্ট নয়?

মঙ্গল

বৃহস্পতি

শনি

ইউরেনাস

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

10. যে প্রক্রিয়ায় উদ্ভিদ সূর্যালোককে শক্তিতে রূপান্তরিত করে তার নাম কি?

শ্বসন

সালোকসংশ্লেষণ

জারণ

বিবর্তন

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

11. কোন রাসায়নিক উপাদানকে "Hg" হিসাবে মনোনীত করা হয়?

সিলভার

টিন

তামা

বুধ

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

12. প্রথম আন্তর্জাতিক আধুনিক অলিম্পিয়াড কত সালে অনুষ্ঠিত হয়?

1896

1900

1912

1924

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

13. এই কোন শাখার জন্য নোবেল পুরস্কার দেওয়া হয়?

পদার্থবিদ্যা, রসায়ন

ফিজিওলজি

ওষুধ

উপরের সব

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

14. কীটতত্ত্ব হল বিজ্ঞান যা অধ্যয়ন করে:

মানুষের আচরণ

পোকামাকড়

প্রযুক্তিগত এবং বৈজ্ঞানিক পদের উত্স এবং ইতিহাস

শিলা গঠন

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

15. হিটলারের দল হিসাবে পরিচিত:

লেবার পার্টি

নাৎসি পার্টি

কু-ক্লাক্স-ক্ল্যান

ডেমোক্রেটিক পার্টি

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

16. কোন গ্যালিলিও বিখ্যাত?

টেলিস্কোপ তৈরি করেন

বৃহস্পতির চারটি উপগ্রহ আবিষ্কার করেছেন

পাওয়া গেছে যে পেন্ডুলামের ঝুলন গতির ফলে সামঞ্জস্যপূর্ণ সময় পরিমাপ হয়।

উপরের সব

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

17. যখন প্রথম আফগান যুদ্ধ সংঘটিত হয়

1839

1843

1833

1848

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

18. বাস্তুশাস্ত্র নিয়ে কাজ করে

পাখি

কোষ গঠন

জীব এবং তাদের পরিবেশের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক

টিস্যু

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

19. বৃহত্তম দ্বীপ কোনটি?

নিউ গিনি

আন্দামান নিকোবর

গ্রীনল্যান্ড

হাওয়াই

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

20. সবচেয়ে উষ্ণতম মহাদেশ কোনটি?

আফ্রিকা

দক্ষিণ এশিয়া

উত্তর আমেরিকা

অস্ট্রেলিয়া

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

21. কোয়ালারা সাধারণত কি খায়?

বাঁশ

ইউক্যালিপটাস

ঘৃতকুমারী

কলা

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

22. ফ্রান্সের সবচেয়ে জনপ্রিয় রুটি কি?

ব্রিওচে

ব্যাগুয়েট

সাদা রুটি

সিয়াবাট্টা

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

23. জাপানের সরকারী মুদ্রা কি?

জিতেছে

ইউয়ান

ইয়েন

ডলার

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

24. বজ্রপাত এবং বৃষ্টির ফোবিয়া কী?

অ্যাগোরাফোবিয়া

অমব্রোফোবিয়া

অ্যাক্রোফোবিয়া

ক্লাস্ট্রোফোবিয়া

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

25. লাতিন ভাষায় Carpe Diem এর অর্থ কি?

মুহূর্ত উপভোগ করুন

কোন ভয় নেই

দুঃখিত আমি এটা উড়িয়ে

হ্যালো

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

26. নিচের কোন দেশটি আফ্রিকায় নেই?

মরক্কো

ইয়েমেন

সুদান

আলজেরিয়া

সঠিক উত্তরঃ খ

27. পৃথিবীর ফুসফুস কাকে বলে?

আমাজন রেইনফরেস্ট

মিসিসিপি নদী

সাহারা

এভারেস্ট

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

28. সুশি কোথা থেকে আসে?

জাপান

চীন

আমেরিকা

দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া

সঠিক উত্তর: ক

29. মোনালিসা কোন শতাব্দীতে আঁকা হয়েছিল?

18 শতক

15 শতক

16 শতক

14 শতক

সঠিক উত্তর: গ

30. "গ্রেট গ্যাটসবি" উপন্যাসটি কে লিখেছেন?

লিও টলস্টয়

হেমিংওয়ে

স্টিফেন কিং

এফ. স্কট ফিটজেরাল্ড

সঠিক উত্তর: ঘ

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